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\n<\/p>\n

oai:clarino.uib.no:lb-2024081921<\/identifier>2025-12-16T10:00:56Z<\/datestamp>FIN-CLARIN<\/setSpec><\/header>\n


\n


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<\/Header>
\n
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\n
\n
\n Spoken Finnish and English of Finnish-American Immigrants<\/resourceName>
\n Amerikansuomalaisten siirtolaisten puhuttu suomen ja englannin kieli<\/resourceName>
\n This resource will be made available via the Language Bank of Finland.<\/p>\n

The resource was collected in the research project \u201cFinnish Language Attrition in the USA\u201d. The resource consists of elicited and free speech samples (in Finnish and in English), background information, the answers to a sociolinguistic questionnaire and a linguistic wug test (in Finnish) collected from 38 Finnish-American adult immigrants. The interviews were conducted between October 2017 and November 2018. <\/p>\n

The research participants had immigrated to the US from Finland as adults or older children and they had resided in the US for a minimum of 20 years. To allow for group comparisons, data from a monolingual group (N = 50) of Finnish speakers residing in Finland is also included. The groups were matched for age, education, and gender.<\/p>\n

Further details of each type of data included in the resource are provided below.<\/p>\n

The sociolinguistic questionnaire:
\nBackground information for the language attrition group was collected using the sociolinguistic questionnaire (SQ) included in the Language Attrition Test Battery (Schmid, 2011). The SQ comprises of 71 questions, covering numerous self-reports on different aspects of language history, use, attitudes, and affiliations. The complete SQ is available at www.languageattrition.org, including instructions for use and analysis. The author translated the SQ into Finnish, and language attriters had the choice to complete it in either Finnish or English (Finnish N = 28, English, N = 10). For the monolingual control group, an abridged version of the questionnaire was used to confirm the use of Finnish in everyday contexts. Examples of all questionnaires are available alongside the data derived from the questionnaires. The data are available in spreadsheet format.<\/p>\n

The speech recordings (Finnish and English):
\nFor a free speech sample, a silent movie clip (a 9-minute 57-second segment from Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times, 1936) was used to elicit narration (following Purdue, 1993). This task was recorded in Finnish and English for the Finnish-American group (Finnish, N = 38, English N = 37) and in Finnish (N = 50) for the Finnish monolingual group (N = 50).
\nIn addition, the participants in the Finnish American group were invited to share a brief story about their immigration journey in Finnish. Audio files of these speech samples are included from those participants who chose to share their story (N = 38). The speech samples are available as audio files.<\/p>\n

WUG Test (Finnish):
\nA WUG test was administered to assess the participants’ ability to inflect words in context. WUG tests are designed to gauge the knowledge of morphological rules by asking participants to complete sentences using non-words following productive morphological rules (Berko, 1958). An existing Finnish morphology WUG test (Lyytinen, 2003) was used as the starting point, and additional tasks were generated to cover all grammatical cases in Finnish (total of 15 cases). The test included 90 sentences in total and the sentences were presented in a pseudo-randomized order. The data are available as audio files and the corresponding tasks are provided as text files.
\nThe data for the WUG test are available in Finnish for both the Finnish-American participant group (N = 38) and the Finnish monolingual group (N = 50).<\/description>
\n T\u00e4m\u00e4 aineisto on tulossa saataville Kielipankin kautta.<\/p>\n

Aineisto on ker\u00e4tty amerikansuomea koskevassa tutkimushankkeessa \u201cFinnish Language Attrition in the USA\u201d. Aineisto koostuu 38 aikuiselta amerikansuomalaiselta maahanmuuttajalta ker\u00e4tyst\u00e4 elisitoidusta ja vapaasta suomen- ja englanninkielisest\u00e4 puheesta, taustatiedoista, sosiolingvistisen kyselyn vastauksista sek\u00e4 suomenkielisen wug-testin vastauksista. Haastattelut tehtiin lokakuun 2017 ja marraskuun 2018 v\u00e4lisen\u00e4 aikana.<\/p>\n

Tutkimuksen osallistujat olivat muuttaneet Suomesta Yhdysvaltoihin aikuisina tai my\u00f6h\u00e4islapsuudessa ja he olivat asuneet Yhdysvalloissa v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 20 vuotta. Ryhmien vertailua varten aineistossa on mukana vastaavaa materiaalia my\u00f6s Suomessa asuvilta yksikielisilt\u00e4 puhujilta (N=50). Ryhm\u00e4t vastasivat toisiaan puhujien i\u00e4n, koulutustason ja sukupuolijakauman suhteen.<\/p>\n

Lis\u00e4tietoja aineistoon kuuluvista datatyypeist\u00e4 on alempana.<\/p>\n

Sosiolingvistinen kysely:
\nTaustatiedot ker\u00e4ttiin Language Attrition Test Battery (Schmid, 2011) -kokonaisuuteen kuuluvalla sosiolingvistisell\u00e4 kyselyll\u00e4. Kysely koostuu 71 kysymyksest\u00e4, jotka sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t monenlaista itsearviointia puhujan kielihistoriasta, kielenk\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4, asenteista ja sidonnaisuuksista. T\u00e4ydellinen kysely k\u00e4ytt\u00f6- ja analyysiohjeineen on saatavilla osoitteessa www.languageattrition.org. Aineiston koostaja k\u00e4\u00e4nsi kyselyn suomeksi ja tutkittavilla oli mahdollisuus vastata siihen joko suomeksi (N = 28) tai englanniksi (N = 10). Yksikieliselle kontrolliryhm\u00e4lle esitettiin kyselyst\u00e4 sovitettu versio, jolla voitiin varmistua heid\u00e4n suomen kielen arkik\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4\u00e4n. Varsinaisen kyselydatan lis\u00e4ksi aineiston mukana on esimerkkej\u00e4 kaikista kyselyist\u00e4. Vastaukset ovat taulukkomuotoisia.<\/p>\n

Puhe\u00e4\u00e4nitteet (suomi ja englanti):
\nVapaan puheen n\u00e4ytteiden keruuseen k\u00e4ytettiin her\u00e4tteen\u00e4 9 min 57 s kestoista mykk\u00e4elokuvan p\u00e4tk\u00e4\u00e4 (osa Charlie Chaplinin «Nykyaika»-elokuvasta vuodelta 1936), josta puhujat saivat omin sanoin kertoa. Teht\u00e4v\u00e4 tallennettiin amerikansuomalaiselta ryhm\u00e4lt\u00e4 suomeksi (N=38) ja englanniksi (N=37) ja yksikieliselt\u00e4 suomalaiselta ryhm\u00e4lt\u00e4 suomeksi (N=50).
\nLis\u00e4ksi amerikansuomalaisen ryhm\u00e4n osallistujia pyydettiin vapaaehtoisesti kertomaan suomeksi lyhyt tarina omasta maahanmuuttomatkastaan. \u00c4\u00e4nitallenteet n\u00e4ist\u00e4 kertomuksista ovat mukana niilt\u00e4 puhujilta, jotka ovat suostuneet tarinansa jakamiseen (N=38). Puhen\u00e4ytteet ovat aineistossa \u00e4\u00e4nitiedostoina.<\/p>\n

WUG-testi (suomeksi):
\nWUG-testi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin, jotta voitiin arvioida, kuinka hyvin osallistujat hallitsevat taivutusmuotoja eri konteksteissa. WUG-testien tarkoitus on mitata morfologisten s\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6jen hallintaa pyyt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 osallistujia t\u00e4ydent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n ep\u00e4sanoista koostuvia lauseita produktiivisten kielioppis\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6jen mukaisesti (Berko, 1958). L\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtana k\u00e4ytettiin olemassa olevaa suomen morfologian WUG-testi\u00e4 (Lyytinen 2003), ja lis\u00e4ksi luotiin uusia kysymyksi\u00e4, joilla katettiin kaikki suomen sijamuodot (yhteens\u00e4 15 sijaa). Testiss\u00e4 oli kaikkiaan 90 lausetta, jotka esitettiin satunnaisessa j\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4. Kunkin osallistujan testivastaukset ovat saatavilla \u00e4\u00e4nitiedostona, jota vastaavat teht\u00e4v\u00e4t tarjotaan tekstitiedostona. WUG-testin vastaukset ovat suomenkielisi\u00e4 sek\u00e4 amerikansuomalaisen (N=38) ett\u00e4 yksikielisen suomalaisen (N=50) puhujaryhm\u00e4n osalta.<\/description>
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