1.

Portrait of Olaus Frederik Duus by photographer Aune in Trondheim. Born February 29, 1824 Kragerø, Norway. Pastor, Waupaca, Wisconsin, 1854-57, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 1857-59. To Norway, 1859. Died September 22, 1893. Odd Lovoll writes: "From his association with the peaceful tribes in Wisconsin the pastor Olaus Fredrik Duus wrote home to Norway and related that on a cold New Year's Day he found shelter in an Indian tent. When their first daughter was born, his wife Sophie received assistance from an Indian midwife." ("The Promise of America", p. 86)

2.

Portrait of Jacob Neumann. Lithograph by A. Giere, Bergen, from an 1837 painting by J. Görbitz. Printed on posterboard. Title portrait for Neumann's biography by C. Schwach, Bergen, 1848. Neumann was bishop of Bergen and wrote in a pastoral letter of 1837, "A Word of Admonition to the Peasants in the Diocese of Bergen who Desire to Emigrate," in which he warned the peasants not to emigrate.

3.

Studio portrait of Bernt Julius Muus. Muus was born at Snåsa, and completed his theological training in 1854. Emigrated in 1859, and founded St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, in 1874.

4.

Portrait of Norwegian-American author Peer Strømme. From "Erindringer" (Reminiscences) by Peer Stømme, published in Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1923. Of those who contributed to Norwegian-American belles lettres in the nineteenth century, Peer Strømme (1856-1921) was the least polemic. In the 1906 novel "Unge Helgeson"(Young Helgeson) he continued the story begun in his first novel "Hvorledes Halvor blev prest" (How Halvor became a pastor). The setting of Strømme's final novel, "Den vonde ivold" (In the Clutches of the Devil) (1910), is Chicago. With striking psychological realism and sure knowledge of the many aspects of immigrant life in a large city, he depicts individuals who are at odds with society.

5.

Pioneer pastor Bernt Julius Muus with Gunnar Johnson, New London, Minn. on his way to organize Crow River (then Monongalid) Congregation, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota.

6.

Portrait of Peter Laurentius Larsen (Laur. Larsen), for many years president of Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. From a postcard.

7.

Portrait of the pioneer pastor J. W. C. Dietrichson who warned in Norwegian newspapers in the 1840s against being tempted to emigrate, for "America is in truth neither the Paradise nor the land of Canaan that people dream about."

8.

Portrait of Martin Pedersen Ruh (1841-1923) and his wife Anna M. Monson (d. 1923). Ruh was ordained in 1866 and wrote several books including "Den Helligaand og helliggjørelsen "(The Holy Spirit and Sanctification).

9.

Portrait of Unitarian clergyman Kristofer Janson. As an ordained minister, he came to Minneapolis in November 1881 to work among Scandinavians. The liberal elite welcomed him. He stayed in the city until 1893, for twelve years, before moving back to Norway. During this period he was a distinctive figure in the Norwegian colony and wrote several novels and short stories often attacking the orthodoxy of the Norwegian Synod. His home became a cultural center, and it was here, as Janson's secretary, that the Norwegian author Knut Hamsun got his impressions of American cultural life, which he later censured with such force.

10.

Herman Amberg Preus came to serve as pastor of the Spring Prairie congregation north of Madison, Wisconsin, in 1851. During his forty years of ministry there, he was a key figure in organizing the Norwegian Synod.

11.

Portrait of Claus Lauritz Clausen (1820-1892). The first Norwegian Lutheran congregation that came out of the state-church tradition was organized in Muskego, December 14, 1843, by Claus Lauritz Clausen, who was born on the island of Ærø in Denmark in 1820, the son of a merchant. He became the first shepherd for the two hundred souls in the congregation. Clausen was a sensitive and humane person who assumed a multitude of duties, as pastor and missionary, publisher and settlement organizer.

12.

Portrait of Elling Eielsen (1804-1883). Eielsen was from the farm Sundve at Voss and arrived in the Fox River settlement in the fall of 1839, after having emigrated the same year. Eielsen's great accomplishment was to establish a low-church organization within the Lutheran free-church movement among Norwegian immigrants. In 1843, at the wish of his followers, he let himself be ordained by a German Lutheran pastor, F.A. Hoffman. Elling Eielsen's Synod was to bear his name.

13.

Dedication of the East Blue Mounds Norwegian Lutheran Church, Dane County, Wisconsin 1876. An indication of the great importance attached to this event is the fact that hundreds of parishoners attended even though it took place on a weekday. Pastor Abraham Jacobson sits in the front row (without a clerical collar).